A Debate: Replacement Cost vs Actual Cash Value

These two loss settlement options are given on almost every property-covering policy you’ll see. What’s the difference between Actual Cash Value and Replacement Cost though? How does it apply to your home or commercial building? How does it apply to your personal property? 

What are Actual Cash Value (ACV) and Replacement Cost (RC)?

There is a huge difference between ACV and RC. Starting with Actual Cash Value, it is commonly defined as the ‘fair market value’ of your property. With ACV, a rough estimate of what you will receive after a claim will be what the property could be sold for at auction/online. However,the actual insurance definition for ACV is: "Replacement Cost minus depreciation of the property." To work with the exact definition, we need to know what Replacement Cost is, and how it works.

Replacement Cost is the full cost to replace your property with like-kind and quality, without any deduction for depreciation. Here’s an example. You have a flat screen TV that you bought for $3,000 in 2010 and a fire completely destroys it. If you had it insured for RC, you would receive a brand new model of the exact same flat screen (if one could be found), or the modern equivalent of it, even if it costs more. If it were ACV insured, you would only get the current market value of the TV, which might be less than $1,000 now.

How Does Replacement Cost & Actual Cash Value Apply to My Home/Buildings?

An example of RC would be if your home was insured for replacement cost and suffered a total loss. For this example, (and for simplicity’s sake), let’s assume your house is worth $100K on the market. However, the cost of rebuilding a home, or any structure, is typically more expensive than the market value of the home (after a building is originally built, its market value and the value of the inputs have all changed. These changes in value are caused by inflation, increased costs of labor, increased costs of materials, different types of materials needed, new technology, shifts in housing market, different laws and ordinances governed on the erection of a building, etc.). So if you had a total loss, replacing the $100K home to its former condition might cost $200K. That’s $200K to rebuild your home in the exact same fashion it was before the loss. In this scenario, you would receive a completely new house, built for $200K, even though it was only worth $100K on the market.

Conversely, let’s say we had the same loss on the same house, but this time, it was insured for ACV. In the ACV example, you would only receive $100K (or $200K minus the depreciation). If you wanted your house repaired to what it formerly was, you would have to come up with $100K on your own, or you could have a smaller/less luxurious house built. 

The difference between ACV and RC is substantial come claim time, but is often overlooked because RC costs more. Make sure to discuss the true value of your home with your agent, and have them help you decide what the best option is for your situation.

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.