Agreed Value: Combating Coinsurance

In this article, we will be discussing how Agreed Value affects the Coinsurance Clause on property insuring policies, and how Stated Value works on your auto policy. Please be familiar with Coinsurance, Replacement Cost, and Actual Cash Value before reading this article.

The Coinsurance Clause is a safeguard that keeps property properly valued. You can insure your home for its full worth with Replacement Cost (RC) valuation, or you can insure it for its depreciated worth with Actual Cash Value (ACV). However, sometimes you want to insure something for an amount that isn't either of those values—this is where Agreed Value comes in.

Let’s use an older home for an example. Its Replacement Cost is $350K, and after depreciation, it’s only technically worth $200K, which is the Actual Cash Value amount. However, its market price is $150K. Wanting to insure it for what it is worth on the market would end up in a coinsurance penalty at claim time, so you changed the valuation to Agreed Value. With Agreed Value, the Coinsurance Clause is suspended, so no penalty would apply if a loss were to occur. Using Agreed Value usually results in a premium charge, but would most likely cost less than insuring the home for the full $200K.

Another use for Agreed Value is going beyond ACV. Using the same values as the first example, let’s say the homeowner has put a lot of time and money into the house. The homeowner believes the home is actually worth $250K. Using ACV, the most that the homeowner would receive after a total loss is $200K. However, using Agreed Value, the homeowner can insure the home for any amount he or she wants that is in between the ACV and RC amounts—as long as the insurer will agree to it.

When insuring vehicles, insurance companies automatically insure them for ACV. The Stated Value of the car is the current value, which accounts for depreciation. However, if the car is damaged mid-term, the Stated Amount given at the policy inception may be outdated, and the amount paid out may be less than the Stated Amount. To bypass the Stated Amount uncertainty, vehicles can be insured at an Agreed Value. If the carrier allows for Agreed Value, the value shown for the car is the exact amount paid out after a total loss.

Agreed Value allows for policy flexibility that would otherwise be impossible with the Coinsurance Clause and Stated Value. There's a lot of options at your disposal to create the perfect insurance program for your situation, so make sure to discuss it with your agent!

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

Causes of Loss—Modifying Your Protection

Every insurance policy has perils that are covered and excluded. In Property insurance policies (E.g. your home, commercial building, etc.), the policy follows the ‘Cause of Loss Forms’. The Forms are Basic, Broad, and Special. Each Form insures your property against different perils, with Special being the most thorough coverage.

Note: Before the three Forms can be properly discussed, you’ll need to know what a Named Peril policy and an Open Peril policy mean. In a Named Peril policy, the coverage provided is limited to the perils that are specifically named. If something happens that isn’t specifically named, the claim will be denied. Conversely, in an Open Peril policy, every claim scenario is covered except for named exclusions. So if a claim was caused by literally anything other than the named exclusions, it is covered.  

Basic:

As you’d expect from its title, the perils covered by Basic Causes of Loss are very limited. This Form is a  Named Peril coverage, covering your property for only the most basic perils. Typically, your Basic form will cover the following:

• Fire
• Lightning
• Windstorm/Hail
• Explosion
• Smoke
• Vandalism
• Aircraft or Vehicle Collision
• Riot or Civil Commotion
• Sinkhole Collapse
• Volcanic Activity

Broad:

Broad Form is another Named Peril coverage, expanding on the perils found in the Basic form. The Broad Form includes all of the Basic Form’s perils, and expands the coverage to include the following:

• Burglary & Damage Caused by a Burglary
• Falling Objects
• Weight of Snow and Ice
• Freezing of Plumbing
• Accidental Water Damage
• Artificially Generated Electricity

Special:

As you might have guessed, Special Form is written on an Open Peril basis, making it the most comprehensive coverage form. The biggest benefit to the Special Form is that it would cover odd, completely unforeseeable accidents that would otherwise be excluded in the other policy Forms. Being an Open Peril policy, the Special Form typically has the following exclusions:

• Ordinance or Law* 
• Power Failure*
• Earthquake**
• Flood** 
• Neglect
• War
• Nuclear Hazard
• Intentional Acts

*These exclusions could be covered by adding an endorsement to the policy and paying additional premium.

**These exclusions can sometimes be added by endorsement or by purchasing a separate policy.

The bottom line:

Not all policies are made equally. Don't leave things up to chance—always make sure to check what coverage Form your property insurance is written on. When you compare insurance quotes, always make sure to take a look at the policy language—even two ‘Special Form’ policies could have different exclusions! 

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

Property & Casualty Insurance Lingo

The Property and Casualty (P&C) insurance industry is a vast segment of the insurance industry, and there are numerous terms used in it. The following list was made to explain common terminology used in Personal and Commercial Property and Casualty insurance:

Property Insurance: It covers any physical item that could suffer a loss. Examples: your home, your car, your office building, your jewelry, your copier/printer, etc. 

Casualty Insurance: Any situation where you might be liable for harming someone or someone's property. It is a cover-all term for liability insurance coverages. 

Deductible: Also known as a Retention. The Deductible is the amount the insured must pay in order to have the rest of the claim covered. 

Exposure: As in, exposure to loss. Some businesses have exposures that require specialty insurance. Example: The Exposures of an amusement park are harder to cover than a bakery’s.

Peril: A cause of loss. Examples of Perils: Fire, Wind, Hail.

Risk: The possibility of a loss. Example: Contractors have more risk than an ice cream parlor.

Hazard: Something that increases risk; something that increases the chances of a loss. Example: Wet floors in a grocery store, cracked pavement in a parking lot.

Inception Date: Also known as the Effective Date. The day and time when your policy starts to cover you.

Expiration Date: Also known as Ex-Date. The day and time when your policy stops covering you.

Coverage: A single line of insurance. Property coverage is a single line of insurance. A Homeowner’s policy has multiple coverages.

Package policy: A Package policy combines two or more coverages into a single policy, where you pay one premium and the coverage all have the same Inception. A Homeowner’s policy is a package policy, as it has property and personal liability coverages.

Personal Lines: These are the coverages that deal with the risk of the average consumer. These products are far simpler than Commercial Lines, and the products are fairly consistent between insurance companies.

Commercial Lines: These are the coverages that deal with the risk of businesses and organizations. The products in Commercial Lines vary greatly between insurance companies, and the total number of products available is vast.

Standard Insurer: An insurance company that has products for the general public. The products are broad with competitive prices, with the goal of gaining market share.

Surplus Lines: An insurance company that has products for special exposures (such as a bad claim history). These companies specialize in writing high-risk exposures. The products are non-standard, meaning that the policy wording will be less broad, and the premium will be higher.

Assigned Risk Worker’s Compensation: Also known as ‘the pool’. Assigned Risk is for companies that have a bad Workers’ Comp claim history and/or companies that are in a high-loss industry. Being similar to Surplus Lines, the premium you pay with Assigned Risk will be far greater than a Standard Insurer.

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

How to Find Insurance for Your New Business

Entrepreneurship is at the heart of the American Dream, and has led to many worldwide companies—McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, and Apple, just to name a few! The freedom and empowerment of owning your own business can be very fulfilling, but it takes a lot of work to get your new venture up and running. You’ll be facing plenty of ‘red tape’, along with making a business plan, finding a location, finding funding, and much more. Once you get most of that figured out, you’ll need to line up your insurance before you can open your doors for business.

Most first-time entrepreneurs have never dealt with anything more than Homeowner’s and Automobile insurance before. The transition from personal lines to commercial lines can be a bit rough—commercial insurance is a huge sector with varying policy language, scores of different coverages, and new exceptions and exclusions that you’ll never see on a personal lines policy. These differences make sense since businesses inherently deal with more risk and operate in a very different manner than your average homeowner. Even though it’s different than what you’re used to, commercial insurance still serves the same basic function—keeping you safe. Commercial insurance just expands the coverage you’ll be receiving, so both you and your business are safe!

Once you have figured out where your business is going to be located, whether or not you’ll have employees, and how you’re going to deliver your product/provide your service, you should contact an independent agent to see what your new business’s insurance options are. Contacting an independent agent will allow for multiple quotes from a single agent, saving you valuable time. When you meet with the agent, bring along the following information to increase the quote’s accuracy: square footage of your rented/purchased business space, estimated gross revenue for the first year, your resume showing pertinent experience, and your business plan (also, if you’re going to have employees, bring along the number of part time and full time employees you’ll have, and an estimated gross payroll for each). Also make sure to discuss exactly what your new business will be doing, where you will be doing it, and how you’ll be doing it. Underwriters love information, so the more details you can share about yourself and the processes your business will go through to perform your service/deliver your product, the better your premium will be!  

With that information, the agent should be able to get you an estimated premium for one year’s worth of coverage. This premium will most likely be higher than the average premium for other businesses in the industry, as you do not have any claim history yet. The agent should also discuss with you any additional coverages you’ll need that you might not have thought of or even known that you would need.

Here’s a brief list of coverages you will likely see:

General Liability: To cover slips, trips, falls, personal liability, and property damage caused by you, your business, your employees, and your premises. For contractors, it also covers any damage done by your completed work. All businesses need this coverage.

Professional Liability: For any job that requires a license, you’ll typically need to have Professional Liability (also known as Errors & Omissions insurance). Other occupations with high levels of risk may need Professional Liability as well.

Property: Commercial property forms will cover your building and your business personal property. It will also cover your business’s detached signs and will have options and policy language exclusive to commercial lines.

Business Income: After a covered loss, your business may not be able to function, but bills will still need to be paid. Business Income will pay you your expected net income while your business is out of operation.

Workers’Compensation: Any business with at least one employee is legally required to have Workers’ Compensation, even if your only employee is a family member and/or the employee works part-time.

Once you receive your quote(s), you may want to adjust your business plan to reflect the exact insurance expense you’ll be incurring, and adjust the rest of your plan accordingly. You may also want to look into limiting or adjusting some of your business’s products or services to reduce your risk, and thus reducing your premium. Discussing premium-saving options with the insurance agent is highly recommended. Risk reduction is very easy to implement before your business starts, but can be nearly impossible to do once it is in operation!

Entrepreneurship can be very challenging, but it can also be very rewarding. If you’ve decided to follow the entrepreneurial path, make sure you partner with an agent that has experience with start-ups. Also make sure that the agent is willing to work with you on developing best practices to reduce risk and keep your business claim-free and generating revenue!

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

Save Money on Your Insurance with Update Information!

A plethora of information goes into deciding your rates in property insurance: your credit score, loss history, location, structure type, and much more goes into configuring rates. On top of all that, each company weighs each of the factors differently. However, one of the easiest ways to save money with any company is having a thorough update history.

An Update History is an itemized list of all updates/major repairs that have happened since the initial construction of the building. All insurance policies that cover buildings, personal or commercial, will ask you for any known updates, and the more you know, the better the rate/coverages you'll get. Not everything will qualify for discounts, but the following items will:

Roof: One of the largest factors in getting a preferred rate is the year the roof was replaced. An old, worn-out roof increases the chances of a loss occurring tremendously, so the newer the roof, the better. Also, many insurers give a discount for hail-resistant shingles, so replace your roof with certified hail-resistant shingles when yours are worn out. 

Wiring: The building's electrical system can play a big part in rating. During the 60’s to 70’s, copper prices soared, so instead of copper, they used aluminium wiring…with disastrous effects. Aluminium isn't suitable for building wiring, and it has been the cause of numerous fires. Another very important item is if your building is using a fuse box or a breaker box. Breaker boxes replaced the fuse box because fuses created many hassles and safety hazards (E.g. fire hazards). So if your building has copper wiring and a breaker box, you’ll get a much better rate. Note that some insurers won't even insure buildings with aluminum wiring and/or a fuse box!

Plumbing: Way back, someone decided to use lead pipes for plumbing before we found out about all the 'fun' side-effects. Then copper piping used to be the norm, but as we all know from Lady Liberty, copper and water don’t exactly play nice together. Today, homes are made with plastic and/or non-oxidizing alloy plumbing. If your home has had its plumbing replaced, a discount might be available.

HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning units are another area where you can receive a preferred rate. When you have these replaced, always note if it gas, oil, or electric, and the type it is (Heat Pump, Forced Air, Central Air, etc.)

For each one of these, save receipts that verify when the update occurred and what was done. Keep everything in a file, and make a simple list of updates for quick reference. Also, when buying an older home, make sure the seller has all the update information!  

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

The Ins and Outs of Other Structure Coverage

Your Homeowner's policy has Other Structure coverage automatically included. It covers the various buildings on your property that are detached from the house, but is it enough? How is Other Structures coverage determined? Are there any exceptions to the coverage?

Other Structure coverage, like most insurance terms, is very unimaginative in its name. It covers most Other Structures or buildings on your property, most likely being a detached garage or shed(s).  It is an extension of your main building coverage (Coverage A). The amount of Other Structure coverage you have is almost never calculated as a set amount. Instead, your insurer will typically use 10% of your main dwelling coverage (Coverage A) to find the amount for it (Coverage B). So, if you home is covered at $150,000, you would have an automatic $15,000 of coverage for Other Structures. The amount of Other Structure coverage can typically be increased (for a fee), and the coverage covers all the buildings on your property that are separate from you home, up to the designated amount for Other Structures.

The caveat to Other Structure coverage is in the use of the building. If the main use of the shed/detached garage/etc. is for business purposes, then the Homeowner’s policy will not cover it. A standard Homeowner’s policy will typically cover approximately $1,000 of Business Personal Property you have on the premises of your home, but it will not cover a building that is used primarily for business purposes.

To illustrate this, an easy example would be a contractor: the contractor uses his detached garage exclusively to store his work truck and tools. To have these properly covered, the auto would need to be on a Commercial Auto policy, and the detached garage and tools would need to be insured as business property on a Commercial Property policy. (Note: come claim time, if there was a mix of business and personal items in a separate building from the home, it would take debating by the insurer and adjuster to determine what is and isn’t covered. Please talk to your agent if a situation like this is currently occurring, especially if you are running any type of business out of your home.)

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

Ordinance or Law Coverage--Properly Protecting Your Buildings

There’s a provision that most standard insurers don't cover: Ordinance or Law. Many insurers give the option to insure for Ordinance or Law losses, but most don't come standard. But what is Ordinance or Law coverage for? What happens without it?

Every community has building and zoning ordinances, and these ordinances are constantly being modified and reinvented as new technology and information comes out. Easy examples would be the banning the use of asbestos and the requirement of egress windows being used for basement bedrooms. These and many other ordinances and laws come into play when a certain percentage of your building is destroyed (the exact percentage depends on your current city code, but is typically 50%), or when certain things need to be replaced. The coverage comes into play because the basic insurance policy itself often only covers you to replace to the exact same condition to what was lost, instead of up to the new code standards. Let me show a few examples.

For my first example, let's say you have a $200K home built in 1910, and (for simplicity’s sake) a storm destroys exactly half of your home. Being half destroyed, the city ordinance requires you to rebuild the whole home up to current standards. In this case, the standing part of your home must be demolished and rebuilt, even though it is technically undamaged. With Ordinance or Law coverage, the cost to demolish the standing portion would be covered, along with any increased costs of construction from building up-to-code. Without Ordinance or Law coverage, you would be held responsible for all of the demolishing and extra rebuilding expenses.

The next example pertains more to commercial property owners. Let’s say your building was completely destroyed. The insurance company is going to pay to rebuild, but the problem is that the city has rezoned, or new land use ordinances have been created. These new laws may require you to move your building elsewhere. The extra cost of the new land would not be covered without Ordinance or Law coverage. Also, you may be required to rebuild in a completely different fashion. Due to the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, you may be required to rebuild with the building being accessible to those who are physically disabled. That may require elevators, entryway-ramps, widened doors, raised toilet seats, etc, that weren't there previously. These increased costs would not be covered without Ordinance or Law coverage.

Laws and ordinances are being changed all the time. If your home or commercial building is fairly old and hasn't been remodeled or changed much since it was built, you’re at even more risk in the event of a loss. Remember that undamaged parts of your building may have to be remodeled or completely rebuilt to satisfy the new codes. Also, the new materials and structures that are needed can drive up costs as well. Don’t worry if you can’t keep up with all the new laws, just make sure you are properly insured to cover anything in the event of a loss. Please contact your agent to see what it would take to properly cover you! 

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.

The Confusion of Coinsurance

Coinsurance is a flexible term, as it applies to many different policies, all in different ways. This article specifically discusses how the coinsurance clause works in property insurance, and this article uses a Homeowner’s policy to illustrate exactly how the Coinsurance clause would affect you in the event of a claim involving your home.

A Coinsurance clause can be found in nearly every property-covering insurance policy you can find. Coinsurance was created to make sure the insured was properly valuing their building/property. Coinsurance applies to both Replacement Cost and Actual Cash Value loss settlements.

How does the Coinsurance clause require property to be properly valued? 

The Coinsurance clause will require the property to be insured for a certain percentage of its total Actual Cash Value/Replacement Cost value. Typically, the Coinsurance percentage will be 80%, but can be more or less than that. So if the Coinsurance percentage is 80%, but a piece of property is insured for less than 80%, there will be a penalty applied to the claim settlement. So let's say your home's full Replacement Cost value is $200K, you can have it insured for $160K and still have no penalty (200,000 x .8 = 160,000). Note that if you did only have it insured for $160K, you would only receive $160K, not the full $200K. The optimistic view of the Coinsurance percentage is that the 80% Coinsurance allows for a 20% 'buffer zone' for valuation errors, inflation, market shifts, and other factors. 

How exactly is the penalty calculated?

Typically, the penalty is calculated by taking the amount that the property was insured for and dividing it by what it should have been insured for. The resulting fraction is then multiplied to the total claim/loss amount. The number calculated is the amount you will be receiving. 

Example: Home w/RC value of $200K, subject to 80% Coinsurance, insured for $150K at RC.

Insured for: $150,000
Should have been insured for: $160,000
Loss amount: $50,000
Amount paid to insured: $46,875
Penalty Amount: $3,125


The Bottom Line

If you don't have your property properly insured, come claim time, you might not be able to fully rebuild your house using the insurance money, or you may be forced to rebuild smaller than what you previously had!

Note from the Author (Nov. 14, 2014): After two years of work, we've entirely redesigned our website! Using SquareSpace, we were able to import this blog and we are continuing our blog there. To find the current version of this article and our new articles, click HERE.